O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito de dietas suplementadas com monensina ou produtos à base de própolis, nas populações de protozoários ciliados no rúmen de bovinos (Bos taurus) e bubalinos (Bubalus bubalis). Quatro bovinos da raça Holandesa e quatro búfalos da raça Murrah adultos, fistulados no rúmen, foram distribuídos em delineamento quadrado latino (4x4). A dieta constituiu-se de 50% de silagem de milho e 50% de concentrado à base de milho em grãos e farelo de soja, com adição de monensina sódica ou aditivo à base de própolis LLOSA2 ou LLOSC1. As amostras do conteúdo ruminal foram coletadas duas horas após a alimentação. O gênero Entodinium foi o mais representativo em todos os tratamentos, para ambas as raças de ruminantes. Em búfalos, foi observado o efeito redutor do tratamento LLOSC1 nas populações do gênero Entodinium, além do efeito redutor dos tratamentos monensina e LLOSA2 sobre os gêneros da subfamília Diplodiniinae. A média de ciliados foi maior em bubalinos (56x10(4) mL-1) do que em bovinos (26x10(4) mL-1). Houve aumento do pH ruminal dos bovinos no tratamento com monensina. O extrato de própolis LLOSC1 reduziu os ciliados do rúmen em bubalinos.

The aim of this work was to evaluate the effect of diets supplemented with monensin or with extracts of propolis, on the population of ciliate protozoa in the rumen of cattle (Bos taurus) and water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis). Four Holstein cattle and four Murrah buffalo, fistulated in the rumen, were distributed in 4x4 Latin square design. The diet was constituted by 50% corn silage and 50% concentrate based on corn grain and soybean meal, and the supplementation of monensin sodium or propolis extracts LLOSA2 or LLOSC1. Samples of ruminal contents were collected two hours after feeding. The genus Entodinium was the most common in all treatments for both cattle and buffalo. The LLOSC1 treatment reduced the populations of the genus Entodinium in buffalo. Monensin sodium and LLOSA2 reduced protozoa of the genera of the Diplodiniinae subfamily in buffalo. The average concentration of ciliates was higher in buffalo (56x10(4) mL-1) than in cattle (26x10(4) mL-1). There was ruminal pH increase in cattle treated with monensin. The LLOSC1 propolis extract reduced rumen ciliates in buffalo.

New fossil insect taxa from the Los Rastros Formation (early Late Triassic), La Rioja Province (Argentina) are described. Four new genera and fourteen new species of the order Coleoptera are proposed: Ademosyne arcucciae Martins-Neto and Gallego sp. nov., Ademosyne elongatus Martins-Neto and Gallego sp. nov., Ademosyne hexacostata Martins-Neto and Gallego sp. nov., Ademosyne punctuada Martins-Neto and Gallego sp. nov., Argentinosyne frenguellii Martins-Neto and Gallego gen. et sp. nov., Argentinosyne gonaldiae Martins-Neto and Gallego sp. nov., Argentinosyne gualoensis Martins-Neto and Gallego sp. nov., Argentinosyne rugosa Martins-Neto and Gallego sp. nov., Argentinosyne losrastrosensis Martins-Neto and Gallego sp. nov., (Permosynidae Tillyard), Argentinocupes pulcher Martins-Neto and Gallego gen. et sp. nov., Argentinocupes abdalai Martins-Neto and Gallego sp. nov. (Cupedidae Lacordaire), Gemelina triangularis Martins-Neto and Gallego gen. et sp. nov., Cardiosyne obesa Martins-Neto and Gallego gen. et sp. nov., and Cardiosyne elegans Martins-Neto and Gallego sp. nov. (Elateridae? Leach). Additionally new specimens assigned to Argentinosyne rugosa Martins-Neto and Gallego sp. nov. and Argentinosyne gonaldiae Martins-Neto and Gallego sp. nov., from the Cacheuta Formation (early Late Triassic), Uspallata, Mendoza Province (a new locality for insects) are included in this paper.

En esta contribución se describen nuevos taxones de insectos fósiles provenientes de la Formación Los Rastros (Triásico Tardío bajo), provincia de La Rioja, Argentina. Se proponen cuatro géneros y catorce especies nuevas pertenecientes al orden Coleoptera: Ademosyne arcucciae Martins-Neto y Gallego sp. nov., Ademosyne elongatus Martins-Neto y Gallego sp. nov., Ademosyne hexacostata Martins-Neto y Gallego sp. nov., Ademosyne punctuada Martins-Neto y Gallego sp. nov., Argentinosyne frenguellii Martins-Neto y Gallego gen. et sp. nov., Argentinosyne gonaldiae Martins-Neto y Gallego sp. nov., Argentinosyne gualoensis Martins-Neto y Gallego sp. nov., Argentinosyne rugosa Martins- Neto y Gallego sp. nov., Argentinosyne losrastrosensis Martins-Neto y Gallego sp. nov, (Permosynidae Tillyard), Argentinocupes pulcher Martins-Neto y Gallego gen. et sp. nov., Argentinocupes abdalai Martins- Neto y Gallego sp. nov. (Cupedidae Lacordaire), Gemelina triangularis Martins-Neto y Gallego gen. et sp. nov., Cardiosyne obesa Martins-Neto y Gallego gen. et sp. nov., y Cardiosyne elegans Martins-Neto y Gallego sp. nov. (Elateridae? Leach). Adicionalmente, se incluyen en este trabajo nuevos especímenes asignados a Argentinosyne rugosa Martins-Neto y Gallego sp. nov. y Argentinosyne gonaldiae Martins-Neto y Gallego sp. nov., provenientes de la Formación Cacheuta (Triásico Tardío bajo), Uspallata, provincia de Mendoza (una nueva localidad para insectos).

This contribution describes new fossil insect taxa from the Los Rastros Formation (early Late Triassic), La Rioja Province (Argentina). Several new taxa of the order Blattoptera, two families, seven genera and eleven species are proposed: Argentinoblatta herbsti gen. et sp. nov., Condorblatta lutzae gen. et sp. nov. (Argentinoblattidae fam. nov.), Mancusoblatta pulchella gen. et sp. nov., Hermosablatta crassatella gen. et sp. nov., Hermosablatta pectinata sp. nov. ( Mancusoblattidae fam. nov.), Lariojablatta chanarensis gen. et sp. nov. (family uncertain), Triassoblatta argentina sp. nov., Samaroblatta gualoensis sp. nov., S. corrientesina sp. nov. and Pulchellablatta nana gen. et sp. nov. (Mesoblattinidae sensu stricto ), and Argentinoblattula revelata gen. et sp. nov. (Blattulidae Vischnyakova). The presence of the genera Triassoblatta Tillyard and Samaroblatta Tillyard in the Argentinean Triassic considerably extends their known paleobiogeographic distribution.

En este trabajo se describen nuevos insectos fósiles de la Formación Los Rastros (Triásico Superior bajo), provincia de La Rioja (Argentina). Se proponen varios nuevos taxones pertenecientes al orden Blattoptera, dos familias, siete géneros y once especies: Argentinoblatta herbsti gen. et sp. nov., Condorblatta lutzae gen. et sp. nov. (Argentinoblattidae fam. nov.), Mancusoblatta pulchella gen. et sp. nov., Hermosablatta crassatella gen. et sp. nov., Hermosablatta pectinata sp. nov. (Mancusoblattidae fam. nov.), Lariojablatta chanarensis gen. et sp. nov. (familia incierta), Triassoblatta argentina sp. nov., Samaroblatta gualoensis sp. nov., S. corrientesina sp. nov., Pulchellablatta nana gen. et sp. nov (Mesoblattinidae sensu stricto ) y Argentinoblattula revelata gen. et sp. nov. (Blattulidae Vischnyakova). La presencia de los géneros Triassoblatta Tillyard y Samaroblatta Tillyard en el Triásico de la Argentina extiende considerablemente su distribución paleogeográfica.

A discussion of the known fossil tabanids (Diptera Tabanidae) is presented based on fossil evidence. This includes the origin of the hemathophagy in the Brachycera, more specifically for tabanids. Several tabanid species in the extant fauna are vectors for disease-producing organisms that affect humans and animals. Bacteria, viruses, rickettsiae, protozoa, and filarial worms can be transmitted by them, causing such diseases as anthrax, tularemia, anaplasmosis, various forms of trypanosomiasis, Q fever, and filariasis. However, if tabanids are directly responsible for all of these diseases is not consensual and the known fossil evidence is presented here.